FreeBSD skills everyday

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• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:46:58)

  1：You can get a good standard workstation install by using the
  instant-workstation port/package.  If you have ports installed, you can
  install it by doing
  
          # cd /usr/ports/misc/instant-workstation
          # make install && make clean
  
  as root.  This will install a collection of packages that is convenient to
  have on a workstation.

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:48:35)

  2：If you use the C shell, add the following line to the .cshrc file in your
  home directory to prevent core files from being written to disk:
  
          limit coredumpsize 0
                  -- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:48:56)

  3：Need to see which daemons are listening for connection requests? Use
  "sockstat -4l" for IPv4, and "sockstat -l" for IPv4 and IPv6.
                  -- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:49:14)

  4：Want to know how many words, lines, or bytes are contained in a file? Type
  "wc filename".
                  -- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:49:34)

  5：If you want df(1) and other commands to display disk sizes in
  kilobytes instead of 512-byte blocks, set BLOCKSIZE in your
  environment to 'K'.  You can also use 'M' for Megabytes or 'G' for
  Gigabytes.  If you want df(1) to automatically select the best size
  then use 'df -h'.

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:49:52)

  6：To search for files that match a particular name, use find(1); for example
  
          find / -name "*GENERIC*" -ls
  
  will search '/', and all subdirectories, for files with 'GENERIC' in the name.
          --  Stephen Hilton <nospam@hiltonbsd.com>

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:50:17)

  7：To change an environment variable in /bin/sh use:
  
          $ VARIABLE="value"
          $ export VARIABLE

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:50:36)

  8：Need to see the calendar for this month? Simply type "cal".  To see the
  whole year, type "cal -y".
                  -- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:50:53)

  9：To find out the hostname associated with an IP address, use
  
          dig -x IP_address
                  -- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:51:22)

  10：If you are running xterm, the default TERM variable will be 'xterm'.  If you
  set this environment variable to 'xterm-color' instead, a lot of programs will
  use colors.  You can do this by
  
          TERM=xterm-color; export TERM
  
  in Bourne-derived shells, and
  
          setenv TERM xterm-color
  
  in csh-derived shells.

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:51:39)

  11：You can use aliases to decrease the amount of typing you need to do to get
  commands you commonly use.  Examples of fairly popular aliases include (in
  Bourne shell style, as in /bin/sh, bash, ksh, and zsh):
  
          alias lf="ls -FA"
          alias ll="ls -lA"
          alias su="su -m"
  
  In csh or tcsh, these would be
  
          alias lf ls -FA
          alias ll ls -lA
          alias su su -m
  
  To remove an alias, you can usually use 'unalias aliasname'.  To list all
  aliases, you can usually type just 'alias'.

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:51:55)

  12：Want to use sed(1) to edit a file in place?  Well, to replace every 'e' with
  an 'o', in a file named 'foo', you can do:
  
          sed -i.bak s/e/o/g foo
  
  And you'll get a backup of the original in a file named 'foo.bak', but if you
  want no backup:
  
          sed -i '' s/e/o/g foo

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:52:11)

  13：Need to see your routing table? Type "netstat -rn". The entry with the G
  flag is your gateway.
                  -- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:52:28)

  14：FreeBSD is started up by the program 'init'.  The first thing init does when
  starting multiuser mode (ie, starting the computer up for normal use) is to
  run the shell script /etc/rc.  By reading /etc/rc, you can learn a lot about
  how the system is put together, which again will make you more confident about
  what happens when you do something with it.

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:52:53)

  15：Need to remove all those ^M characters from a DOS file? Try
  
          tr -d \\r < dosfile > newfile
                  -- Originally by Dru <genesis@istar.ca>

• 剑心通明 (2008-7-11 10:53:10)

  16：Need to see which daemons are listening for connection requests? Use
  "sockstat -4l" for IPv4, and "sockstat -l" for IPv4 and IPv6.
                  -- Dru <genesis@istar.ca>